豆芽菜对硒的富集特点初步研究

以东北黄豆品种和恩施本地黄豆品种为试验材料熏采用不同硒浓度处理,研究不同黄豆品种的芽菜对硒的富集及硒对芽菜生长量的影响。结果表明:同时采收的芽菜熏随着处理硒浓度的增加熏两个品种芽菜硒含量都呈现增加趋势,且随着生长时间的延长熏在同一处理硒浓度下熏东北黄豆芽的硒含量呈现增加趋势;恩施黄豆芽的硒含量在<6mg·L-1时呈现减少趋势熏在9、12、15mg·L-1时熏芽菜中硒含量有增加趋势。并且发现熏处理硒浓度在<6mg·L-1时黄豆芽生长较好。     

The Valuation of Nutrition Value in Available Amino Acid of Feed-corn on Poultry Feed

以凯氏定氮法测定“9409”饲用玉米的粗蛋白质为91.9g/kg。用Beckman121型氨基酸分析仪测定其18种氨基酸含量(88.3252g/kg)占粗蛋白质含量的96.11%,13种必需氨基酸含量为4.3731g/kg。以90日龄未取盲肠公鸡测定中的氨基酸真可利用率在84.65%-96.21%。以蛋鸡和肉仔鸡理想蛋白质为模型,计算氨基酸平衡性指数,表明饲用玉米是家禽的良好蛋白源。     

氨基酸硒叶面肥对吐鲁番秋季露地甜瓜叶片早衰生理特性的影响

【目的】研究叶面喷施不同浓度氨基酸硒肥,对新疆吐鲁番秋季露地甜瓜早衰生理的影响,筛选出秋季露地甜瓜早衰延缓和调控技术中氨基酸硒肥的最佳施用浓度和频次。【方法】在吐鲁番秋季露地栽培条件下,以露地甜瓜主栽品种'西州密17号'为试材,从初花期开始设置叶面喷施不同浓度氨基酸硒肥处理,以清水为对照,分析不同浓度氨基酸硒肥对甜瓜叶片的叶绿素、可溶性蛋白含量、丙二醛和抗氧化酶活性的变化规律及与叶片早衰的关系。【结果】相对于清水对照处理,每隔7 d喷施2 000~2 500倍的氨基酸硒肥6~7次,可以有效延缓叶片在衰老期叶绿素相对含量、可溶性蛋白含量的下降速度,降低MDA的升高,明显提高了抗氧化酶的活性。【结论】喷施2 000~2 500倍氨基酸硒肥是延缓甜瓜叶片衰老比较理想的调控措施。     

纳米硒添加剂对褐牙鲆生长性能、耗氧率及排氨率的影响

在饲料中通过喷洒的方式添加液体纳米硒,测定不同浓度液体纳米硒对褐牙鲆生长性能、耗氧率及排氨率的影响。结果表明:与投喂基础饲料的对照组相比,饲料中添加纳米硒的试验组褐牙鲆的终末体质量、特定生长率及增重率显著提高,其中10 m L/kg组增长最为显著;肝体比、脏体比及肠体比对照组与试验组无显著差异;添加纳米硒可以增强褐牙鲆的耗氧率及排氨率,耗氧率在10 m L/kg时达到最高,排氨率在20 mL/kg时达到最高。     

茶园红壤磷素形态组成特点及其影响因素研究

为了解茶园土壤磷素化学形态特点及磷的生物有效性,从浙江省境内采集35个代表性茶园红壤,详细鉴定土壤磷素形态,并与周围的荒地红壤进行比较。结果表明,茶园红壤磷素以无机磷为主,有机磷与无机磷占全磷的比例平均分别为27.39%和72.61%,有机磷占全磷的比例与土壤有机碳含量呈正相关。茶园红壤有机磷主要为中度活性有机磷与中度稳定性有机磷为主,高度稳定性有机磷和活性有机磷占比较低;无机磷以闭蓄态磷为主,其次为铁磷和铝磷,钙结合态磷含量较低。Ca₂-P、Al-P和Fe-P占全磷的比例随土壤磷素积累而提高,施用有机肥可促进茶园红壤有机磷、Ca₂-P和Al-P的形成。与荒坡红壤比较,茶园红壤具较高的有机磷、Ca₂-P和Al-P。土壤有效磷与Ca₂-P、Al-P的相关性最高。     

追氮量对不同粒色小麦籽粒产量、品质及硒吸收的影响

为探究氮肥追施量对不同粒色小麦产量和品质的影响,选用4 个黑粒小麦(‘运黑161’、‘紫优5号’、‘冬黑1号’、‘临黑131’)和7个白粒小麦(‘品育8012’、‘济麦44’、‘济麦23’、‘晋麦95’、‘石农086’、‘邯农1412’、‘中农175’)品种,设置0(N₀)、34.5(N₁)、51.8(N₂)和69.0(N₃)kg/hm² 4个追氮水平(在拔节期追施),测定小麦籽粒产量、品质、氮含量和氮吸收量、硒含量等指标。结果表明:1)与N₀相比,追氮均增加小麦籽粒产量,不同品种达到最高产量的适宜追氮量不同。4个黑粒小麦籽粒产量在N₁处理最高,产量增幅为19.4%~30.8%;白粒小麦‘品育8012’、‘济麦23’、‘晋麦95’、‘济麦44’和‘石农086’籽粒产量在N₂处理最高,产量增幅为20.8%~85.1%,‘邯农1412’和‘中农175’产量随追氮量增加而增加。2)追氮可增加2种粒色小麦籽粒氮含量,黑粒小麦在N₃处理氮含量最高,增幅为4.2%~18.3%,白粒小麦N₂处理最高,增幅为3.9%~18.1%。追氮可使黑粒小麦籽粒硒含量增加11.3%~121.8%,白粒小麦籽粒硒含量降低6.7%~83.0%;追氮使黑粒小麦籽粒蛋白含量增幅为0.7%~16.1%,白粒小麦增幅为0.8%~31.7%。3)综合考虑产量和品质指标,在基施氮肥165.0 kg/hm²基础上,黑粒小麦拔节期追氮34.5 kg/hm²,白粒小麦拔节期追氮51.8 kg/hm²较为适宜。     

施用腐殖酸富硒肥对油菜各部位硒含量研究

[目的]为研究油菜植株各部位硒含量和富硒能力的分布特征,为富硒油菜专用肥的研究及低硒地区规模化生产富硒菜籽提供可行性参考。[方法]油菜生长不同时期施用等量有机-无机复混腐植酸硒肥,分别采集根、茎、叶、果皮、果实等不同部位样品,采用原子荧光光谱法和固相萃取原子荧光光谱法分别测定总硒、有机硒、无机硒含量,考察油菜植株各部位的富硒能力。[结果]油菜植株各部位富硒能力表现为：总硒含量果实＞根、叶＞果皮、茎,有机硒果实＞叶、果皮＞根、茎,始花期施肥时硒含量达到富硒标准。[结论]施用外源腐殖酸硒肥有利于油菜植株各部位硒含量的增加,在始花期施肥时效果最佳,为后续富硒油菜的种植提供参考,选择出芽期施用常规基肥,始花期追施外源腐殖酸硒肥。     

富硒和γ-氨基丁酸萌芽糙薏米培养液组分的工艺优化

为提高糙薏米中γ-氨基丁酸的富集量,采用响应面试验法对糙薏米的培养液组分进行工艺优化。结果表明:培养液中Na2SeO3浓度以10mg/L为宜,其发芽率最高,达(90.33±1.73)%;在Na2SeO3浓度为10mg/L的培养液中辅以11mmol/L CaCl2、87.7μmol/L GA3和31.5mmol/L MSG进行萌芽处理时,萌芽糙薏米中总硒、有机硒和GABA含量分别达0.42mg/100g、0.37mg/100g和116.69mg/100g,是一种具高值化产品开发潜力的保健食品基料。     

Long-term winter cover cropping effects on corn (Zea mays L.) production and soil nitrogen availability

 This study was conducted to determine effects of long-term winter cover cropping with hairy vetch, cereal rye and annual ryegrass on soil N availability and corn productivity. From 1987 to 1995, with the exception of the first year of the study, the cover crops were seeded each year in late September or early October after the corn harvest and incorporated into the soil in late April or early May. Corn was seeded 10 days to 2 weeks after the cover crop residues had been incorporated, and N fertilizer was applied as a side-dressing at rates of 0, 67, 134, or 201 kg N ha^–1 each year. While the average annual total N input from the above-ground biomass of the cover crops was highest for hairy vetch (72.4 kg N ha^–1), the average annual total C input was highest for cereal rye (1043 kg C ha^–1) compared with the other cover crops. Hairy vetch was the only cover crop that significantly increased pre-side-dressed NO₃ ^–-N (N_i) corn biomass and N uptake at 0 N. At an N fertilizer rate of 134 kg N ha^–1 or higher, the cover crops had a minimal effect on corn biomass. This indicated that even after 9 years of winter cover cropping, the effect of the cover crops on corn growth resulted primarily from their influence on soil N availability. The amount of available N estimated from the cover crops (N_ac) was significantly correlated with relative corn biomass production (r ²=0.707, P<0.001). The total amount of available N, comprising N_ac and N added from fertilizer (N_f), was strongly correlated (r ²=0.820, P<0.001)) with relative corn biomass production. The correlation was also high for the available N comprising N_i and N_f (r ²=0.775, P<0.001). Although cereal rye and annual ryegrass did not improve corn biomass production in the short term, they benefited soil organic N accumulation and gradually improved corn biomass production compared with the control over the long term. Received: 10 August 1999     

不同浓度硒对蕹菜产量和品质的影响

采用水培研究了不同浓度硒（0尧0.05尧0.5尧1尧2尧4 mg/L）对蕹菜产量和品质的影响。结果表明、硒浓度为1 mg/L 时、蕹菜生长状况最佳、产量最高;而当硒浓度大于2 mg/L 时、蕹菜生长受阻、产量下降、且产生中毒现象。随着 硒浓度的增加、蕹菜硒含量尧可溶性糖含量均不断增加、而维生素C 含量先降低后增加、蛋白质和硝酸盐含量均先增 加后降低。与对照相比、硒浓度为0.05尧0.5尧1尧2尧4 mg/L 的各处理、蕹菜硒含量增加幅度分别为108.35%尧1 706.23%尧 3 097.99%尧5 920.38%尧12 308.82%、蕹菜蛋白质含量增加幅度分别为20.09%尧12.50%尧11.61%尧3.57%尧6.25%;硒浓 度臆2mg/L 的各处理、蕹菜可溶性糖含量增加幅度分别为34.74%尧41.91%尧48.32%尧57.30%。低硒浓度（0.05尧0.5 mg/ L）使蕹菜维生素C 含量略有降低、而高硒浓度（逸1 mg/L）显著增加了蕹菜维生素C 含量、硒浓度臆2 mg/L 的处理使 蕹菜硝酸盐含量增加、而硒浓度为4 mg/L 时、蕹菜硝酸盐含量显著下降。综合考虑、硒浓度为1 mg/L 的处理显著增 加了蕹菜产量、提高了蕹菜品质、是蕹菜水培最适合的硒施肥水平。